Prepare Your Workspace
Begin by preheating your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line two large baking sheets with parchment paper or silicone baking mats. This preparation ensures your cookies will bake evenly and release easily.
Mix Dry Ingredients
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves until well combined. This step ensures even distribution of the spices and leavening agents throughout the dough.
Cream the Butter and Sugars
In a large bowl using an electric mixer, or in a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, cream together the softened butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy, about 3-4 minutes. Don't skip this crucial step – proper creaming incorporates air into the dough, contributing to the cookies' soft texture.
Add Wet Ingredients
Beat in the eggs one at a time, mixing well after each addition. Add the apple butter and vanilla extract, mixing until fully incorporated. The mixture might look slightly curdled at this point – that's perfectly normal.
Combine Wet and Dry Ingredients
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, mixing on low speed just until combined. Be careful not to overmix, as this can lead to tough cookies. The dough will be soft and somewhat sticky.
Prepare the Spiced Sugar Coating
In a small bowl, mix together the granulated sugar, cinnamon, and nutmeg for the coating.
Shape and Coat the Cookies
Using a cookie scoop or tablespoon, portion the dough into 1.5-inch balls. Roll each ball in the spiced sugar coating until completely covered. Place the cookies on the prepared baking sheets, leaving about 2 inches of space between each cookie.
Bake to Perfection
Bake for 12-14 minutes, or until the edges are lightly set but the centers still look slightly underbaked. The cookies will continue to set as they cool. For optimal softness, err on the side of underbaking rather than overbaking.